Foot thumb deformation: grade, treatment

The deformation of the thumb of the foot is the most common orthopedic disease.Its main feature is the curvature of 1 articulation Másnephalanx.In the early stages, it manifests itself in a small growth near the thumb.The pathology has a slow development, so it is quite difficult to diagnose it in the initial stages.The deformation of the valgo is often combined with a violation of the blood supply to the tissues, which leads to the development of arthritis or osteoarthritis.In the absence of thumb joint treatment, an acute inflammatory process is produced, called Bursite.

What contributes to the curvature of the finger?

The causes of the deformation of the valge can be different, the main among them are considered:

• flat feet;
• Congenital pathologies of the mostnoplange joint;
• Muscle weakness, which leads to the pathological mobility of bone surfaces;
• standing wounds;
• The destruction of the cartilage in the context of arthritis or osteoarthritis.

It does not apply to wear uncomfortable shoes to direct reasons for the occurrence of the disease, but it can accelerate the development of the pathological process.Therefore, Khalus Valgus is most frequently found in women.There are other pathological reasons why the first finger of the foot can be folded.Osteoporosis develops when leaching the calcium of bone tissues, because they become less dense.This is what leads to a change in the form of the joint.Almost all people who have Valgus deformation symptoms have one of the 2 flat feet.Endocrine disorders contribute to a decrease in the force of ligaments, so they cannot maintain the joint in the correct position.The risk group includes women who are used to walking with high height shoes.The provision of greater loads in the fingers accelerates the process of curvature of the joint.Ballet dancers are forced to stand in socks for a long time, which can lead to feet deformation.Therefore, the deformation of the valgo is in only 3% of people under 30, while among the elderly every 5 people have a similar problem.This disease is found more frequently in patients whose parents had pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.

Clinical image of the disease

The curvature of the thumb of the leg in the initial stages is quite difficult to notice.A person realizes that he feels uncomfortable when walking in the usual shoes.After a long stay in standing position, pain syndrome occurs.Over time, the main pathology sign appears: the deviation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint towards the second with the formation of the cone called SO.The rest of the fingers take the form of hammering.The patient may experience chronic fatigue and difficulties in selecting shoes.Over time, calluses appear in the skin of the feet, bringing many inconveniences to a person.The most common signs of deformation of the valge are the painful sensations associated with the inflammation of the synovial membrane.A soft seal appears on the first finger.The skin of the affected area blushes and swells.Over time, bone corn is formed, soft irritating and cartilage.Strong pains appear while walking.The mobility of the joint is limited, the pathological process can cover all fingers of the foot.

Several degrees of deformation of Valgo are distinguished, each of which has its own symptoms:

1. The Hallux Valgo of the first grade is characterized by the curvature of the finger no more than 20 °.There is no pain at the same time.
2. In the case of 2-degree disease, the joint moves 21-30 °.Unpleasant sensations are mild, finger mobility does not bother.
3. With the deformation of the third grade, the angle of curvature exceeds 30 °.The pain in the affected area acquires a constant character.They prevent a person from wearing family shoes, walking and practicing sports.
4. In 4 stages of the disease, the articulation moves for more than 50 °.The deformation of this degree is characterized by strong pain, difficulties with the choice of shoes, the formation of a corn.

How this disease is revealed

To make a preliminary diagnosis, a foot exam and a history of anamnesis is carried out.The doctor should:

• evaluate the severity of the gear change;
• The degree of curvature of the articulation;
• the presence of calluses;
• Bone cones.

The main therapeutic measures

The choice of a particular methodology depends on the degree of articulation deformation and the severity of pain syndrome.The most effective treatment of the deformation of the thumb of the foot is in its early stages.Therapy can be conservative and surgical.In addition, the development of orthopedic shoes, which contributes to the correct distribution of the load and avoids the appearanceOf calluses, it helps to suspend the development of the pathological process.To reduce the pressure in the affected area, specialplantillas and joints.Due to the large amount of side effects, these funds are not suitable for prolonged use.Pharmacological therapy cannot completely save a person from the deformation of the valgo.With your help, you can only eliminate pain and signs of inflammation.For the treatment of the disease, physiotherapeutic procedures are often used: diathermia or ultrasound.However, these methods also provide only temporary relief.The most effective is the use of orthopedic devices that are taken into account the individual features of the foot.The use of followers and fingers in the early stages of the disease avoids greater joint deformation.With advanced diseases of the disease, orthopedic devices allow you to make walk more comfortable.With the help of special templates, you can eliminate the main cause of the curvature: flat feet.The operation is generally required for 3-4 degrees of Valgo deformation, when conservative treatment is ineffective.The choice of the method depends on the degree of gravity of the deformation.With a slight displacement of the finger, only bone growth is eliminated.To do this, a small incision is made in the affected area, after which the bump is cut and eliminated.

The distal osteotomy aims to reduce the angle of the curvature.The lower part of the bone dissects and is installed in the correct position.Proximal osteotomy implies the effect on the top of the finger.During the operation of Keller - Brandes, the thumb joint is completely eliminated, the remaining synovial housing is placed between the bone more and the main phalanx.Surgical interventions are used in most cases of advanced forms of valgo deformation.The effectiveness of the treatment depends largely on the correction of the implementation of rehabilitation measures.In the postoperative period, it is necessary to wear firm shoes or wear special devices.To reduce the load on the leg operated, you must use crutches.The shoes must have a wide finger and a low heel.It should be remembered that any surgical intervention can lead to the development of complications.

The most dangerous are:

• soft tissue infection;
• osteomyelitis;
• bleeding;
• displacement of bone fragments;
• deceleration of healing processes;
• Loss of fingers sensitivity.

More rare complications are avascular neurosis and post -traumatic arthritis.The prevention of the deformation of the valgo is a constant visit to an orthopedist.Use shoes with high heels should be rejected.The use of orthopedic templates is recommended.The long stay is prohibited in standing position.The deformation of the valgo is a fairly serious disease that can worsen the quality of the patient's life, so the treatment must begin in its early stages.

Khalus Valgus Treatment (HALLUX VALGUS) without surgery

Excessive body weight, with uncomfortable shoes, the trauma of the feet leads to the appearance from the inside at the base of the thumb of the painful hyperemic protuberance.It's called - Halux Valgus.What is Hallux Valgus?The term literally deciphered as follows: hallux is a thumb, and the valgo is curvature.The protuberance formed is the medial part of the head of the first metatarsal bone.At the same time, it gradually departs from other metatarsal bones, which visually increases the bulge in size.This disease is manifested by severe pain, it becomes impossible to wear ordinary shoes.The skin above the bump is constantly rubbed, inflamed, in rare cases bleed.With a premature circulation of medical aid, there is a significant deformation of all metatarsophalangeal joints.The first and second finger cross, other fingers can be folded involuntarily, while the extension becomes impossible.

Causes of the disease

To better understand what Khalus Valgus is, you must know the causes and mechanism of the appearance of this disease.It develops more frequently in women, since their ligament apparatus is not as strong as in men.Such deformation does not develop independently, the effect of the following pathogenic factors is necessary for its manifestation:

• Body weight gain: in fat people, there is an increase in load in the area of flanning joints morenocinism, which leads to the stretch of the ligament apparatus, which connects the metatarsal bones;
• Strait, uncomfortable, pressing, in high heels, shoes are the main trigger for this state.The frequent use of shoes with a narrow foot of the foot, also with high heels, contributes to a constant change in the physiological position of the thumb, so it gradually deviates;
• The changes in the hormonal background, which often occurs in people of the just sex, contribute to a change in the metabolism and trophism of the connective tissue, which leads to an increase in the stretch of the tendons, affected their integrity;
• Traumatization: significant damage to the tendons of the muscles that perform the main and deviant functions, causes the predominance of the efforts of one of them, which is the cause of the deviation of the first metatarsal bone;
• Diabetes Mellitus: It leads to the development of the diabetic foot, which is characterized by deteriorated blood circulation and trophism of the muscles, tendons and ligaments, which allows to manifest itself to the deformations;
• Arthritis and thumb osteoarthritis of the legs can lead to the development of a chronic inflammatory approach, these diseases also stimulate the osteophyte growth process that can cause the deformation of the affected joint;
• Pregnancy is a period in the life of a woman, when a complete hormonal restructuring occurs, and an increase in the abdomen transfers the load to the front parts of the feet, which causes the development of Khalus Valgus.

HALLUX VALGUS STAGES

The degree of severity of Khalus Valgus is determined on the basis of the angle between the first metatarsal bone and the second, as well as the angle of deviation from the thumb of the first metatarsal bone.There are three stages of development of this disease:

1. The Hallux Valgo of the first grade is characterized by minimum deviations that make up: the interferell angle of less than 12 degrees, and the deviation of the thumb does not exceed 25 degrees.At the same time, patients may not be completely absent in pathognomonic symptoms, and visual changes are almost invisible.
2. Khalus Valgus 2 degrees: It is manifested by an increase in the intermediate corner to 18 degrees, at this time the first finger is rejected more than 25 degrees.With this deformation development, painful sensations appear, discomfort when wearing common shoes.With excessive excessive excess, pain intensifies.The convex part of the bone head is constantly rubbed, hyperemic, swollen, indicating an inflammatory process.
3. HALLUX VALGUS 3 degrees is manifested by a significant curvature, the angle between the metatarsal bones exceeds 18 degrees and the first and second finger crosses.A significant red lump inside is observed inside, painful in palpation.Using any shoe becomes impossible due to pain, patients constantly limp, saving the affected limb.

The treatment tactics depend on the negligence of the pathological process.In the early stages, you can do it with conservative methods using tires and other fixing devices.The next stage requires urgent surgery, without which the foot can deform, other undesirable complications will be produced.

Halus Valgus treatment methods

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to exclude the impact of pathological factors.First, you must reduce body weight.For this, patients are recommended to practice sports, lead an active lifestyle.An important point is that when performing a physical effort, it is forbidden to apply forces in the affected limb.The appointment of diet therapy is an important step in the treatment of Khalus Valgus.A specialist may recommend an effective diet, but it must necessarily include products rich in vitamins and minerals that will help improve the condition of the affected joint.

Orthopedic tires and fixers

They are used for constant deformed fixation plus bone and finger closer to the rest of the foot.You can use rigid locks, tires that, when you look at the foot, do not allow you to move a finger.Such device is used during sleep, as well as with a long break.It can resort to the use of silicone fixers.There are silicone fixers that bind only to the thumb, in addition to joining all fingers.The main advantage of this development is the ability to walk in shoes.At the same time, the effective fixation of the bone more continues, and the pestillo itself is practically not felt when used.